What is the primary measure of relationship explored in a chi-square analysis?

The primary measure of relationship explored in a chi-square analysis is the comparison between observed and expected frequencies. This analysis assesses how closely the observed data, which are collected from a sample, align with what would be expected if there were no association between the categorical variables in question. By evaluating these frequencies, researchers can determine whether any significant differences exist, indicating a potential relationship between the variables. The chi-square statistic is computed by comparing these two sets of frequencies to infer whether the observed results deviate significantly from what is expected under the null hypothesis of no relationship. This distinctive focus on frequencies makes option B the correct choice in the context of chi-square analysis.