True or False: To calculate the Sum of Squares (SS) in an unequal n ANOVA, you have to find them directly rather than using variances.

The correct answer is true. In the context of an unequal n ANOVA, or a situation where groups have different sample sizes, calculating the Sum of Squares (SS) directly involves treating each group’s data individually. This means determining the SS for each group based on its own mean and deviations from that mean, rather than relying on pooled variances.

This approach is necessary because unequal sample sizes can lead to biased estimates of variance that affect the overall SS calculations. When sample sizes are not equal, variances cannot simply be pooled without adjusting for the group sizes, meaning that using variances from the groups is not appropriate. Thus, the direct computation focuses on the individual group's data points, ensuring that each group's contribution to the overall variance is properly accounted for.

In summary, the direct calculation of SS is crucial in an unequal n ANOVA for accurate and meaningful results.